Electromagnetic oscillatory motor provided with a cutting-action core



2,668,251 PROVIDED v Feb. 2, 1954 ELECTROMAGNETIC O WITH A CU Filed March 27 /M/EJYToR Eme/Qua A. s 7' Patented Feb, 2, 1954 GORE EnriquefListBuenos Aires, Arggiitina.A assigner to.. VITEM Y Sociedad de Respc msabilidad Limitada/,1. BuenosAN Aires, Argentina, ain" Argentine? Application Mar'cllf27, 1951; Serial INU; 217,695 7' Claims@ Cl. 3110-28' The. present inventionfrefers. to an?. oscillating eiectrmagnetic motor having: a; cuttingrdtion core provided With one or severalteethjsaidcore oscillating at ai frequency of.y sixty cydcles forexample.

Oscillating. electro-magnetic motors,` com.- paredf with -rotatorymotors,have the advantage thati alternating electric energy is; transformed directly into mechanical energy,i thus completely elimina-ting.- any loss'v through; friction,v and en.- ablingthe motor-tolse ofc easier-'and cheaper build.

Several primitive embodimentsofV suchoscillatingmotcrsfare kncwn. Their core` isfalat, membrane-shaped spring which is attracted by electromagnetic forcev at.- a.. rhythln corresponding to. theVV oscillation .off the.V alternating. current. Some newer versions. are capableA of,- aJ higher power output than. those mentionedabovei- One group of these new arrangementsfis characterized by a cutting-action core,f.whi ch means to :say that the confronting faces` of thefcorey andI the p ,ole respectively, do. notV unite but. that f the core slides laterally over the facesotA the poles, between which said core constitutes a. magnetic bridge. particularfeature ofgtdhisf-construction is, that'. the `poles andv the coreof, the electromag; 11617.'. possess-a number of teetlhproducing 'anim crejasclinthe oscillatory force,

The oscillatory, lfrequency of. al1th ese.deyicesis d'mible that; of f' the alternating. current, fin.. other words, their frequency isw 120"c;/s. inasmuch. as thej corev isattr'acted ateaclhalf-wave while. a previously arranged; operative spring. draws` the core back when thecurrency curve-approximates theA zero value y A"1120"c;/s.` frequency is'too high 'for'many tech?- nical4 applications; Ini ordeitoj reduce samey to 'ici/s; the polarization"methodwas` eviseig'i.V e., theex'citer coil is connected to 'alisogurg'zeof,` reet current; on whichthe alternating currentls mpressed; The-result attained by thisgisf'that'th magnetic' flux within the iron 'd'oes' not chang'eit's direction 1 periodically, A but'l luctuat-esf instead-2 be,- tween a g maximum and 1 a minimum 'jval'1"1e, in' the sameV direction and; at" a" frequencyV of* 6 0 c/s'. a mechanical oscillation being produced thereby, corresponding tothe same frequency.

The-main disadvantage of this procedure is that the saturation zone-oftheironisreached Anothervsystem for producing 'aGOc/s. oscillation consistsin suppressing a half-'Wave byfmeans offavalve; the disadvantage herejbeing'that the iron; Withregard to its-magnetic cap'ackzity, is" only used in one direction; 4 y Thezp'resent'- invention 'enables a" 60 c;/s. oscilmagnetic polarization and -withoutsuppressing -.y a half-Wave. Its-principalfeaturefis thatv the core, together` with all-its/additional part, such as'the toolholder, theftcol itself, the vplunger of apump, or what ever elserbe employed, asv likewise the suspension and working springs,v are tuned@` at their own: frequency, which is more or 1essy that of the alternating current, andthat the-neutral positioniof the .-coreconsists in that its-teeth con,- frontor nearly.y confront the spaces between lthe polar teeth` of the-stator. A; wv c/s.-ose;i llaticn isthusproduced, advantagerbeing taken-of all-the iron circuit in. both directions-ot the -cores-moveyment; thef load:y on the spring;.besides-A is xreduced considerably. The` 60 cmg-frequency. can alsofbe obtained.. if the` coreifrequency, and that off addi` tional parts oscillating together with sama-be not, exactly. but onlyY approxirnately.60- c./s.y

The constructive particu-'rarity of thisenibodiment, residing inthattheccreteeth confrontthe spaces between thestatcr pole teeth,rcausestliat the stator has one, toethmore thanthe-core.` It is' alsoY possible that-leachv stator polehave` one tooth lessftha'n the core, inwh'ich case eachtooth of; one. polelisplacedin frontof the spaces left betweenV the-cor'e-teethl Another4 variation consists in providing the cjc'rewith thesamenmber of teeth asthefpoles. Ingthis casethe' force ot the thrust in onedirectionwill be' greaterA tha'nin the other, advantage being takeneoff that circumstance iny operations Wherefgreaterstrength is required in one`di`rectionthan in theother.

InV orderr to reduce the oscillating masses as much a'spossible, the dimensions.andfvolmefof the core are made to represent only a small portion` of thetotalweight ofthe magneticAk circuit.

I n order vthat the' present invention maybe rnore clearly. understood and readily put. into practice, several embodiments thereof Willf now be"described`With`particular reference to the ac? companying sheet of drawings. *All'these ernb'dinientsj have kiri'com'mcn that .the corejorV cores canalsbeironlrod's', inasrnu'cl'lv as it is'not'ab'fsolutelyr` necessary that saine consist of irnlpackr ages; A'i'urther particular feature isthatthe air gaps and"the"co're"arev very close tothe-coil," o'r even inside ofv same, vthus reducingvto -a` minini-um thefmagn'eticjdispersion iiux. Y

rFiguresli to 5`illu'strate elevational viewsr of vexformsoifl the invention'.

detail; FigureA 1y illustrates anr embodiment l and?y are` polesjoffa'n electromagriet that' may' have' any.` convenient shape; nach' or thesapfoles is prcvidedwitrifenr teeth" confronting one 'anotherand respectively accessi numbered 3 through I5. The core is likewise dented and comprises a number of plates Il, I2 and I3, i. e., it has one tooth less than the poles of the stator. rEhe teeth of the core are joined together by the bar indicated by` reference I which in turn is connected to an elastic nger I5. This finger serves as an elastic seating and suspension, respectively and allows the core to move in a lengthwise direction only. Spring finger I is associated with a toolholder I5 which, in some other applications of the motor, can be replaced by a pump plunger or other machine elements whose operation requires oscillating motion.

The assembly formed by plates II, I2, I3 and bar I4, nger I5 and toolholder IG is tuned to its own frequency of about 60 c./s., but same may vary between more or less up to 75 c./s. Much lower frequencies than c./s. can be very advantageous inasmuch as the springs suer less load the lower the frequency of the system, the magnetic field and its forces assuming, in a certain manner, part of the springs function.

The neutral position of the core, as seen in the drawing, consists in that the core teeth confront the spaces between the stator teeth.

If the electromagnet is connected to a source of alternating current, a magnetic tension is produced between poles I and 2 and plates II, I2 and I3 of the core tend to take up a position where they form a magnetic bridge between the corresponding polar teeth. Let it be supposed, for eX- ample, that when the rst half-wave of the alternating current occurs, the core moves one step to the left, in such a manner that its plate Il forms a magnetic bridge between teeth and 1, plate I2 doing likewise between teeth i and 8 and plate I3 between teeth 5 and d. When the alternating current reaches zero value, spring finger l5 withdraws the core to the neutral position, illustrated in Figure 1. wave of alternating current that immediately follows, again magnetizes the electromagnet, and the core now moves to the right, following in this motion until plate II forms a magnetic bridge between polar teeth 4 and 3, and plate I2 does s likewise between teeth 5 and I3. When the alternating current again reaches zero value, spring I5 withdraws the core to its neutral position, thrusting it once more to the left; the core will move in the same direction until it again occupies a position where plate I I confronts teeth 3 and 'I when the value of the current has reached a positive maximum. The frequency thus produced is 60 c./s. or, in gen-eral, that of the frequency of the alternating current.

The four teeth on each pole illustrated in Figure 1 are shown as an example only inasmuch as, according to the invention, there may be any other number of teeth. The possible variation in the number of core and pole teeth enables the designer to vary the characteristics of the oscillatory motor for, by increasing the number of teeth the stroke of the core is diminished and the force of the thrust is increased, while a reduction in the number of teeth increases the length of the core stroke and diminishes the strength of the thrust.

Figures 2 and 3 illustrate an embodiment of an oscillatory motor in which the stator package forms a U between whose poles the core is placed.

In Figure 2, poles I and 2 of the electromagnet provided with coils I'Ik and I 8 are of reduced section and form two confronting teeth. The core is formed of two plates I9 and 2li joined by bar 2 I. This bar, in turn, is connected to a spring The negative half- I f 4 equipped with a toolholder, not shown in Figure 2 nor in subsequent figures, due to similarity with Figure 1.

The position shown in the figure corresponds to the neutral position of the core, the operation being the same as described in connection with Figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a magnet equal to that of Figure 2 with the sole exception that each of poles I and 2 has two teeth instead of one, while the core has only one plate 22, joined to bar 23 transmitting the thrust to the tool.

Figure 4 represents an embodiment in which the stator package 2-fI has the shape of a shelltype transformer the core of which is provided with an indented recess 25 to receive the mobile core. This mobile core in the drawing is shown as formed by two plates 26 and 2l joined to bar 28. Poles 29 and 3G of the stator have three teeth each. When coils 3i and 32 are connected to a source of alternating current, the mobile core is displaced longitudinally, as already explained in connection with Figure 1.

Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the invention wherein the stator is formed by two elongated packages 33 and 3A equipped with coils 35 and 3B. Between both extremes of these iron packages, forming four poles with four teeth each, the cores are placed, consisting each of three iron plates 32', 38 and 39, on one side, and 39, il! and 42 on the other. These cores, according to the invention, can move in a uniform direction, being intercommunicated by means of an appropriate device.

The frequencies mentioned in the preceding description refer to the case of a 6-0 c./s. alternating current supply line. Where the frequency differs from 60 c./s., the numbers given must be similarly modified.

rEhe invention as herein described and illustrated, may be clearly understood and additional explanations will not be required by those versed in the matter.

What is claimed is:

1. An oscillatory electromagnetic motor, lit for driving machine tools of large power requirements, comprising a stator having two pole portions and an armature positioned in the space between said pole portions, each pole portion and the armature having a series of projections with spaces therebetween, the projections of each pole portion having the same polarity, said armature being so proportioned, shaped and dimensioned with respect to its associated parts as to become resonant at line frequency, the static position of the armature being such that the projections thereof confront each respective opposite space centrally between the projections of the pole portions and the sum of the breadth of one projection and one adjacent space being equal to the length of the desired stroke of the armature.

2. The oscillatory electromagnetic motor described in claim 1, wherein the number of projections of one stator pole portion and the number of projections of the other stator pole are equal, and said projections of the said armature `differ by one from the said pole projections.

3. The oscillatory electromagnetic motor described in claim 1, wherein the number of projections of one stator pole portion and the number of projections of the other stator pole are equal, and said projections of the said armature are equal to said pole projections.

4. The oscillatory electromagnetic motor described in claim l, wherein the said armature weight and volume is relatively small as compared with the total weight of said motor.

5. The oscillatory electromagnetic motor described in claim 1, wherein the said stator is of the shape of a shell-type transformer and having a core formed with an indented recess in which said armature is mounted for movement.

6. The oscillatory electromagnetic motor described in claim 1, wherein the said stator is of V-shape configuration and said armature is positioned in the space between the ends of the legs of the said V-shaped stator.

7. The oscillatory electromagnetic motor described in claim 1, wherein the said stator comprises two stacks of metal plates arranged in spaced apart parallel relation to each other, and

a coil wound around each respective stack of plates between the ends thereof.

ENRIQUE LIST.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,434,671 Murphy Jan. 20, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 498,041 Great Britain Jan. 3, 1939 594,770 Great Britain Nov. 19, 1947 685,090 France Mar. 25, 1930 855,110 France Feb. 5, 1940 

